Honing machine



Oct. 22, 1929. M, JOHNSON 1,732,560

HONING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 105106 Carl/[69;

J/Lbcri' J7. Jib 5017,

Oct. 22, 1929. A. M. JOHNSON I ,5

HONING MACHINE Filed Nov. 13, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Elm/n15? 1 Zberl J7. Jimfiwq Oct. 22, 1929. A. M. JOHNSON HONING MACHINE Filed Nov. 15. 1925 s Sheets-Sheet 3 77 um-Millin Illlllllllil\\ Patented Oct. 22, 1929 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALBERT M. JOHNSON, OF ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR 'I'O BARNES DRILL OO., OF

' ROCKFORD, ILLINOI S, .A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS nonnw MACHINE Application filed November 13, 1925. Serial No. 68,753.

The invention relates to a machine for I honing the cylinders of internal combustion generally known as internal grinding. Ac-

cording to this practice, relatively coarse grinding wheels are employed, and not only is diflic-ulty experienced in producing a sur face free from high spots, but a rough finish is produced which is worn smooth only after a long period of use.

The object of the invention generally stated is to produce a machinev of advantageous character for finishing engine cylinders and the like by a honing operation as distinguished from internal grinding, in which fine abrasive stones of substantial length press against the surface to be finished, uniformly throughout its periphery, and are simultaneously reciprocated and rotated with the result that high spots and other unequalities are quickly removed and an extremely smooth through the medium of a table 15 which is finish produced.

- More specifically the invention has for its object the production of a machine of the characterind'icated in which a rotating honing tool maybe continuously reciprocated at high speed but without undue shock or strain.

A further object is toprovide for varying the speed of reciprocation relative to the speed of rotation as desired. v

A further object is to provide improved means for supporting the work for movement into and out of operativeassociation with the honing tool. a

The objects of the invention thus generally stated, together with otherand ancillary advantages are obtained by the construction and arrangement herein set forth, but it is. con

templated that various changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims. 7

Figure 1 of the drawings is a front eleva t-ional viemf a honin machine embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side elevational View of the same, a portion of the driving means being shown in section.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken approximately in the plane of line 3-3 of Fig. 2 but on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view showing the spindle-reciprocating cam.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view showing a slightly difierent arrangement of the driving means employed when a slow speed reciprocation of the spindle is desired.

The machine comprises a base 7 having a column or standard 8 rising from one end thereof and supporting at its upper end a head'9 in which is mounted for rotation and reciprocation a vertically disposed spindle 10. The lower end of the spindle carries a suitable-honing tool 11 and the upper end of the spindle receives the application of power through the medium of a drive means generally designated by the numeral 12 having a gearing connection 13 with the spindle to rotate it and a suitable driving connection with a cam means 14 to reciprocate the spindle. The work is supported on the column 8 I5 arranged to be raised and lowered to ca the work into'and out of engagement wit the honing tool 11 by means such as an air or other fluid pressure operated mechanism 16.

The spindle 10 is mounted for reciprocation and rotation in the head 9 at the forward side thereof. Herein a suitable bearing 17 is provided in the upper portion or crown of the head to receive the spindle, and near the lower portion of the head a bearing 18 is provided to receive a sleeve 19 in which the spindle is journalled, the sleeve being held against longitudinal movement on the spindle. A rack 20 rigid with the sleeve is engaged by a pinion 21, and a cross shaft 22 journalled in the head is equipped with ahand wheel 23. By this means the spindle may be adjusted manually.

' The honing tool 11 at the lower end of the spindle may be of any suitable or preferred character. Herein it comprises a. fixture 24 carrying honing stones 25 of substantial length arranged in circumferentially spaced relation and adapted when'inserted into the cylinder or other piece of work to expand radially into engagement with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder. Inasmuch, as this honing tool forms no part of my invention, it is deemed unnecessary to illustrate and describe its construction in detail.

The driving means 12 is herein shown as comprising a shaft 26 j ournaled transversely of a housing 27 suitably formed at the upper end of the head 9 at the rear side thereof. The shaftis mounted in opposite walls of the housing 27 in suitable bearings 28 and 29, and one end of the shaft protrudes from the housing and is connected with a suitable source of power, a pulley wheel 30 being herein shown fast on the shaft. Power may be communicated from this shaft to the spindle 10 so as to drive it in one direction only; but the means herein shown embodies a reversing mechanism such that the spindle may be rotated in opposite directions at different speeds. Thus, within thehousing 37 and in spaced relation on the shaft 26 are a pair of bevel gears 31 and 32, the latter being smaller than the former. These bevel gears are loose on the shaft and constantly mesh respectively with a pair of bevel gears 33 and 34 fast on the rear end of a perpendicularly disposed driven shaft 35 which is suitably journalled in the forward wall of the hous ing 27. The forward end of this shaft 35 has a bevel pinion 36 thereon meshing with a bevel gear 37 on a vertically disposed shaft 38 mounted at opposite ends in suitable bearings 39 and 39' and between its ends the shaft 38 carries a pinion 40 meshing with a gear 41 splined on the spindle 10 and bearing in the crown 41 (Fig. 4).

The gears 40 and 41 constitute the gearing connection 13 between the driving means and the spindle, and it will be seen that the spindle is arranged to bedriven in one direction or the other by such connection depending upon whetherth drive is through the bevel gear 33 or the gear 34. Also, it will be observed, the two sets of gears 31 and 33 and 32 and 34 are differently proportioned so as to drive the spindle at different speeds. To control the direction of drive a pair of friction clutches 42 and 43 are associated with the gearsv 31 and 32,and these'friction'clutches are arranged to be operated by an intermediate clutch shifting device in the form of a collar 44 with which is associated a bell crank lever 45., This lever has one arm 46 operatively engaging a groove in the collar 1 44 and its other arm 47 connected by means of a link 48 with a lever arm 49 on the upper end.

' of a vertical shaft 50. The shaft 50 is mountcarries a hand lever 53 extending forwardlyv ed in suitable brackets 51 and 52at one side ofthehead 9, and near its lower end the shaft along the side of the head into a convenient position for manipulation. I To prevent an over-running of the mecha 'lever 55 has a pair of spaced cam surfaces 59 and 60 at opposite sides of a cut-away portion or recess 61, and the arm 46 of the bell crank 45 is extended rearwardly and equipped with a roller 62 which is adapted to engage with the cam surfaces 59 and 60 when the clutch collar 44 is moved in one direction or the other to operate the clutches 42 or 43. In the neutral position of the clutch collar 44, the roller 62 enters the recess 61 in the lever 55, thus permitting the spring 57 to apply the brake element to the drum 58.

If it is desired to rotate the spindle in one direction only, the bevel gears 32 and 33 together with the associated friction clutch 43 may obviously be omitted; also the cam surface 59 on the lever 55 would be omitted.

While the spindle 10 is being driven 'through its gearing connection 13 with the driving means, power is also communicated to the spindle to cause it to reciprocate during such rotation through the medium of the cam means 14. This means comprises (Fig.

4) a cylindrical cam member 63 having a coninuous cam groove 64 therein with which a roller 65 engages. The cam member 63 is adjustably secured to the upper end of the spindle 10 and the roller 65 is journall'ed on a stub shaft 66 journalled in a cylinder 67 in which latter-the cam is rotatably mounted. Preferably the cam groove 64 is shaped so as to effect the movement of the spindle in opposite directions at a uniform rate, and means is provided, as hereinafter described, to cushion the spindle at each end of its movement.

The connectionbetween the cam 63 and the spindle comprises in the present instance a recessed collar 68 rigidly secured, as by means of screws 69, to the upper end of the cam member. Fitting in this collar is a clamping nut 70 having a screw-threaded engagement with the upper end of the spindle. A lock nut 7 0 is provided to hold the parts in the desired position of adjustment. To insure that relative rotation between the spindle and the cam member shall be prevented, the parts are splined together, this arrangement permitting of the convenient adjustment of the cam mem-' ber longitudinally of the spindle as may be desired. The cam roller shaft 66 is herein shown as mounted in a radially extended housing 71 bolted to one wall of the cam cylinder 67 A roller bearing 72 is preferably provided between the inner end of the shaft and the housing; and a ball bearing 72' is proat the 81' bolted to the housing overlies the flange 79 vided at the outer end of the shaft. Between these twosets of bearings is a separating or spacing sleeve 7 2".

While it will be apparent that rotation of the cam member 63 relative to the roller 65 will cause the spindle to reciprocate, I preferably arrange to revolve the roller about the cam so that when desired the speed of operation of the cam and hence the rate of reclprocation may be substantially increased. .In Figs. 1 to-4,-I havesho'wn for this purpose means for driving the cam cylinder 67 and hence the roller 65 in a direction opposite to that of the spindle so as to increase the rate of reciprocation of the latter by increasing the relative speed between the cam member and its roller. This means comprises a pinion 73 on the upper end of the shaft 38 'mesh mg with an idlergear 74 on a shaft 75, the

latter. also having rigid therewith a pinion 76 meshing with a gear 77 fast on the cylinder 67. I

The cylinder 67 is mounted for rotation in a housing 78 mounted on the head 9 and serving to enclose the .gear train 7 3, 74, 76 and 77. Thus, referring to Fig. 4, said cylinder 67 is provided with a radial flange 79 slidably engaging in an annular way 80 tormed upper end of the housing 78. A ring to complete the bearing for the flange. The arrangementis such that thecylinder 67 when driven by said gear train 7 3,7 4, 76 and 77 rotates at relatively, slow speed in adirection opposite to the direction of rotation of the spindle. Hence, while the spindle rotates slowly, the relative speed between the cam member 63 and its cylinder 67 is substantially greater and the rate of reciprocation of the spindle is accordingly relatively high.

- lit is sometimes preferred on the other hand to rotate the spindle at high speed'while it is reciprocated slowly. In this event, the drive may be directly from the pinion 73 to the gear 7 7 omitting. the idlers 74 and 75. Thus, referring toFig. 5, the pinion 73 is displaced by an interchangeable'pinion of larger diameter, and in such event .the new pinion is shifted upwardly on the shaft 38 so as to engage directly with the gear 77. This may be accomplishedirrany suitable way as by placing a spacing collar near the upper end of the shait38 beneath the pinion 73. It. will be seen that bythis arrangement the cylinder 67 will be driven inthe same direction as the spindle 10 and hence the cam member 63, but at a difi'erentspeed, the arrangement being such that the'spindle rotates atitlie same rate as before but the rate of reciprocation imparted thereto issubstantially slower.

The cam groove 64 in the cam'member 63 is so shaped as to reduce to a minimum the dwell at the upper and lower limits of the spindle stroke; and to overcome the shock ateach end of the stroke and'thus insuresmoothness of movement.

operatiom I provide cushioning means receiving the upper and lower thrusts of the spindle as it approaches the ends of its movements. Herein this means comprises in the case of the upper limit of movement a bonnet 82'rigidly mounted-on the upper end of the cam cylinder 67 and enclosing the upper end of the spindle projecting above the cam member 63. This bonnet is preferably so shaped in its lower portion as to be slightly larger in diameter'than the diameter of the cam, and its upper end is reduced in diameter according tothe diameter of the spindle. Thus it constitutes a compression chamber acting as the spindle approaches the upper limit of its movement to receive the thrust of thelatter and assists in changing the direction of spindle reciprocation without shock.

In the case of the lower limit of movement, the inertia is absorbed in the present instance by means of a coiled compression spring 83 surrounding the-spindle and seated in a recess 84 provided in the lower end of the cam member 63. The lower end of this spring bears against the crown gear 41, which latter in turn bears against the head 9 within the crown gear casing 41. vThis construction also serves to hold the gear 41 against vertical The arran ement is such that the spring 83 becomes e ective as the spindle approaches its lowermost position, thus assisting the cam to reverse the direction of the spindle without jar or shock.

It will be observed that by removing the bonnet 82 access to the cam member may readily be had for purposes of adjustment. Also, the roller housing 72 may be readily removed from the cylinder 67 when it is desired to replace the cam member by another to vary the length of stroke of the spindle.

The table 15 for supporting the work may be of any suitable character, that herein shown being mounted on a knee 85 which-in turn is mounted on ways 86 and 87 for up and down sliding movement. The table 15 is shown as provided with a block 88in the upper face of which suitable ways 89 are pro vided in which a slide 90 is supported for reciprocating the work A. The latter, in the present instan is shown ingthe form of a cylinder bloc for internal "combustion engines, suitably secured upon the slide 90. The block may be'formed with an elongated channel or trough 88 beneath the slide'90, and the latter has apertures 90 therein beneath the cylinders of the Work A. .Hence the honing tool may'pass through and be.- yond the work, and the rindings and coolant or lubricant supplied (1n any suitable manner, not shown) may pass downwardly into the channel.

Means is providedfor adjusting the slide in the block 88 to position the cylinders successively, beneath the honing tool 11. This means may comprise a pinion 91 mountadjustment.

Pressure fluid actuated mechanism 16 is herein employed to raise the work A into operative association with the honing tool and to lower the work to remove it from the honing tool. This mechanism comprises in the resent embodiment a cylinder 96 having a p1ston97 therein and a valve controlled means for supplying and exhausting motive fluid suchas air to and from the cylinder. 98 indicates a supply connection leading to a valve 99 which is adapted to control the supply of air to the lower end of the cylinder 96 by means of a pipe 100 and also to permit the supply of air to the upper end of the cylinder by meansof a pipe 101 for the purpose of forcibly lowering the work. The valve 99 may be of any suitable character, that herein shown being arranged to be operated by a foot lever 102 having a pawl 103 adapted to engage with a star wheel 104 fast on an operating shaft 105. spring 106 restores the lever 102 to its initial position. The arrangement is such thatwhen the work is in its lowermost position ready to be raised into engagement with the honing tool, a depression of the lever 102 will operate the valve 99 to admit through the pipe 100 motlve 'fluid to the lower end of the cylinder beneath the piston .while permitting air to exhaust *through the upper end of "the cylinder raised and lowered through a through the pipe 101; and when it is desired to lower the, work, the next depression of the lever 102 will operate to admit .motive fluid to the upper end of the cylinder through the pipe 101 and permit it to exhaust from the lower. end of the cylinder through the pipe 100. The work supporting table is thus xed range of movement, but it will be remembered that .the spindle 10 is adjustable to vary the intermediate position of the honing toolby adjusting the position ofthe cam member 63 on the upper en'd'of the spindle. In practice, the clutch lever 53 may be operated into neutral position when the honing-tool is at its uppermost position so as to facilitate the disenga ement of the work from the honing ftool. P uch stopping of the spindle in its uppermost position .is facilitated the? brake device 54, 58 which operates, it will be remembered, when the clutch is thrown into neutral position to stop thebevel gear 33 and there y the driven shaft 35.

It will be seen that I have produced a honingv machine in which the honin tool may be rotated in either direction at dierent of operative association with the honing tool.

The construction employed is relatively simple and the driving mechanism is readily accessible.

I claim as my invention:

1. A machine of the class described comprising, in combination, a tool-carrying splndle, means for continuously reciprocating said spindle, means including a compression chamber for cushioning the spindle at one end of its reciprocatory movement, and means including a spring for cushioning the spindle at the other end'of its reciprocatory movement.

2. A machine of the class described having a tool-carrying spindle, means for reciprocating the spindle, and means forming at the upper, end of the spindle a compression chamber operating to cushion the spindle as it approaches its upper limit of movement.

3. A machineof the character described having a tool-carrying spindle, and means for reciprocating the spindle including a cylindrical cam member rigidly secured there- 'to, a rotatable cylinder in which said cam ing in said groove, whereby rotation of said cylinder effects a reciprocatory movement of said spindle. n

4. A machine of the. character described comprising a tool-carrying spindle, a cylindrical cam member rigid with the spindle, a cylinder in which said cam member is mounted for rotational and reciprocatory movements, a roller mounted in said cylinder and operatively engaging said cam member, and meansfor rotating both the cam member and the cylinder at. different speeds, to produce relative reciprocatory movement therebee tween. p

5. A machine of the character described comprising 'a tool-carrying spindle, a c lindrical cam memberrigid'with the spin le, 8.

cylinder in which said cam member is mount-* ed for rotational and reciprocatory movevments, a-roller mounted in said cylinder and carry a tool, a ram member rigid with the spindle, a cylinder in which said cam member is rotatable. and reciprocable, said cylinder being rotatably mounted on the head, and means for rotating the spindle and said cylinder, whereby relative longitudinal movement between said cylinder and said spindle is produced.

7. A machine of the character described comprising a head, a spindle adapted to support a tool and mounted in said head for reciprocation and rotation, a drit'en gear element in the head and splined on the spindle to drive it, a cylindrical cam member fast on the spindle, a rotatable cylinder in which said cam member is mounted and having a part operatively engaging with the cam member whereby to cause the cam member to reciprocate in its rotation. and means for rotating' said cylinder, to increase or decrease the speed of reciprocation of said spindle relative to said cylinder.

8. A machine of the character described having a tool-carrying spindle, means for reciprocating the spindle including a cylindrical cam member rigid therewith, a rotatable cylinder in wliiclrsaid cam member is mounted and having a part operatively engaging therewith, and a driven shaft having separate gearing connections with the spindle and with said cylinder, to efiect relative rotation and reciprocation therebetween.

9. A machine of the class described having a reciprocatory tool-carrying spindle, a cam member on said spindle, a bearing for said cam member adapted to permit relative movement between said member and said bearing longitudinally of said spindle, and a housing extending endwardly of said bearing effecting an enclosure of the portion of said spindle endwardly of said cam member, and also of said cam member during a portion of the reciprocatory movement thereof.

10. A machine of the class described having a reciprocatory tool-carrying spindle, a housing enclosing an end portion of said spindle, a bearing supported endwardly of said housing in sealed communication therewith, and a member secured on said spindle for reciprocatory movement in said bearing, said member functioning as a piston to effect compression of air in said housing with the inward movement of said spindle.

11. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a tool-carrying spindle, a cam member mounted on and rotatable with said spindle, an element having operative engagement with said cam member to impart longitudinal movement to said spindle, said element being supported for rotary movement about the axis of said spindle, means for rotating said spindle, and means for rotating said element.

12. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a tool-carrying spindle, a cam member mounted on and rotatable with said spindle, an element having operative engagement with said cam member to impart longitudinal movement to said spindle, said element being supported for rotary movement about the axis of said spindle, and means for selectively rotating said element in like direction and in opposite direction to said spindle.

13. In the machine of the character described, the combination ofa tool-carrying spindle, a cam member mounted on said spindle in non-rotative longitudinally adjustable relation thereto, an element having operative engagement with said cam member to impart longitudinal movement to said spindle, said element being supported for rotary movement about the axis of said spindle, means for rotating said spindle, and means for rotating said element.

14. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tool-carrying spindle, means for rotating said spindle, means for simultaneously imparting longitudinally reciprocating movement to said spindle includinga cylindrical cam member and a relatively stationary element engaged therewith, said cam member having a continuous cam groove effective to cause the movement of said spindle at a substantially uniform rate in each the ends of the reciprocatory strokes, and means for cumulatively resisting the movement of said spindle toward the end of each stroke adapted to substantially counterbalance the inertia of movement of said spin dle at the end of each stroke.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature.

ALBERT M. JOHNSON.

direction and Without appreciable dwell at 

